📗 -> 01/09/25: LIN175-L2
[Lecture Slide Link]
🎤 Vocab
❗ Unit and Larger Context
Late because of control theory
✒️ -> Scratch Notes
Localism - Higher fucntions are localized in different centers of the brain, mainly the cortex. aka Localizationism
- Gall
- Broca
- Brodmann
- Cajal
Holism - The brain works as a whole, unified mind - Freud
- Flourens
- Golgi
Franz Gall - “Faculty” Psychology
- 1758-1828
- Several innate abilities exist
- Impossible to reduce these abilities, and they are independent
- “27” human abilities, localized in specific regions of the brain
- These abilities are reflected in the shape of the skull
Proponent of Phrenology
- These abilities are reflected in the shape of the skull
Pierre Flourens - Holist
- 1794-1967
- “Cortex had to work as a unified whole”
- Would run “pithing” experiment where he would drive a needle into a pigeons brain and observe behavior afterwards.
- Concluded:
- Unified mind
- Cerebrum - seat of intelligence
- Cerebelum - control of locomotion
- Medulla oblongata - seat of the principle of life
- Proponent of the aggregate field theory, whole brain participates in behavior
Camillo Golgi
- (1843-1926)
- Developed a method for staining nerves
- Suggested nervous system was one large interconnected network (shared cytoplasm) “syncytium”
Santiago Ramon y Cajal
- Suggested nervous system was one large interconnected network (shared cytoplasm) “syncytium”
- (1852-1934)
- Used staining to discover single neurons
- Seperate processing units
Golgi & Cajal: co-winners Nobel prize winners 1906
Different Types of Neurons:
- Multipolar neuron: one of the most common
- Bipolar neuron: Very rare, but are transmitters in our eyes
- Unipolar neuron: most of the sensory neurons in our body
- Anaxonic Neuron: Found in our brain, not super understood
Afferent transmits towards brain
Efferent: Move away from center, like towards motor neurons
- Effector neurons
Interneurons too
SAME Pneuomic:
- Sensory is Afferent, Motor is Efferent
Basic Components
- Axon hillock, sends electrical signal down axon to terminal butons.
- Transmits nerve impulse
- Myelin sheaths, nodes of Ranvier
- White matter is fatty myelin. White matter tracts.
MS is a demyelinating disease
- White matter is fatty myelin. White matter tracts.
- Autoimmune disorder, body starts attacking myelin and slowing down signals.
- May develop motor problems because neurons not firing quick enough to be synchronous
🧪 -> Refresh the Info
Did you generally find the overall content understandable or compelling or relevant or not, and why, or which aspects of the reading were most novel or challenging for you and which aspects were most familiar or straightforward?)
Did a specific aspect of the reading raise questions for you or relate to other ideas and findings you’ve encountered, or are there other related issues you wish had been covered?)
🔗 -> Links
Resources
- Put useful links here
Connections
- Link all related words