📗 -> 01/30/25: LIN175-L8
🎤 Vocab
❗ Unit and Larger Context
late because of control theory
✒️ -> Scratch Notes
Visual perception
The perceptual representation of spatial relationships is generally accepted that multiple representations of space coexist and cooperate in generating our perceptual understanding of the visual world.
In one of the most well-developed theories of high-level visual perception and cognition, Kosslyn (1994) argues for a distinction between two fundamental types of spatial representation—coordinate and categorical.
Coordinate representations encode: Metric relations of distance, orientation, and size (e.g., two inches long, 60° angle).
Kosslyn suggests that they play an important role in the visuomotor control of reaching, grasping, and throwing behaviors as well as in the programming of saccadic eye movements.
In addition, they may contribute to object recognition when it is necessary to discriminate between objects that have subtle shape differences (e.g., the neck of a swan vs. that of goose).
Categorical representations
- Encode fairly large equivalence classes of schematic spatial relationships between entities (e.g., connected/disconnected, left/right, above/below, near/far, etc.).
- Because of their generality, these representations are useful for specifying the rough locations of different objects relative to one another
- A major another major function of categorical representations is in object recognition.
- “ very few types of objects must be discriminated based purely on the metric spatial relations among their parts. Rather, to identify a stimulus as a member of a category, such as a dog or bike, one needs to ignore the precise spatial arrangements among parts—which vary for different exemplars” (Kosslyn, 1994, p. 193)
Neural substrates of spatial representations
- Both hemispheres contribute to both coordinate and categorical spatial representations
- Right parietal cortex is dominant for coordinate ones and the left for categorical ones.
- Lesion studies have shown that tasks requiring coordinate representations—such as determining whether two angles have the same orientation.
Gerstman’s Syndrome - Inability to judge left from right (categorical decision)
Hemisphere Specialization:
- Right hemisphere is faster than the left for judging coordinate relations
- Left hemisphere is faster than the right for judging categorical relations
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