📗 -> 11/18/25: PSC140Y-L8
[Lecture Slide Link]
🎤 Vocab
❗ Unit and Larger Context
Small summary
✒️ -> Scratch Notes
Infants have some capacity to recognize primary emotions from a young age
Affective States vs Emotions:
- Affective States: Positive and negative feelings
- Emotions: Responses to the environment (physiology, behavioral)
- Thinking about changes in the body, environment and past experiences cause emotions
- Emotions don;t
Infants don’t have emotions per se:
- Only experience pleasure and distress, affective states, not linked to events
Cultural Differences in emotional development:
- Collectivism vs Individualism
- Childrens place in the family
- Value of emotional experience and expression
“The nature of mother-infant interaction influences the development of social smiling”
- In Nso
Camerooonians?, social smile does not develop at 3 months contradicting general concept of universal emotions / timeline of developing social smile
Fear:
- Based on assessment of meaning of an event
- Depends on the ability to compare novel and familiar experiences
Self awareness:
- The understanding that one is seperate and unique from all other people
- Develops between 15 and 24 months
Self awareness required for some more complex emotions, understanding self as a distinct individual:
- Develops between 15 and 24 months
- Embarassement (15-24 months)
- Guilt and shame (2 yrs) - need to understand norms / expectations of others
- Pride (2-3 yrs)
Distribution in expression of emotions after failure and success in preschool children is distinct between Japenese and White/African Americans
- Failure: Americans show shame, embarassment, and sadness. Japense only show emberassment
- Success: Pride, embarassment, enjoyment. Japenese show embarassment and enjoyment primarily, Americans show pride and enjoyment.
Individualist vs Collectivist societies: - Encouraging kids to show pride in their achievements
Display Rules:
- Social groups informal norms about when/where/how much one show show emotions…
Undesirable gift study:
- Having kids rank a list of potential gifts and then being given their least favorite
- Recorded their resulting emotional valence (positive, negative, neutral)
- Generally, Chinese/Japenese children showed more neutral
- American children showed more positive and negative
- Most expressive, reflecting socialization
Bottom Line
- Cultural differences in the expression of emotion emerge early in infancy due to differences in parenting and cultural values
- By preschool, children have learned the appropriate emotional responses (display rules) for their culture reflecting socialization of emotions
🧪 -> Refresh the Info
Did you generally find the overall content understandable or compelling or relevant or not, and why, or which aspects of the content were most novel or challenging for you and which aspects were most familiar or straightforward?)
Did a specific aspect of the content raise questions for you or relate to other ideas and findings you’ve encountered, or are there other related issues you wish had been covered?)
🔗 -> Links
Resources
- Put useful links here
Connections
- Link all related words