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PSC140Y-VL10

2 min read

📗 -> 10/18/25: PSC140Y-VL10

[Lecture Slide Link]

🎤 Vocab

✒️ -> Scratch Notes

Motor Development Part 1

Coordinated movements of the muscles and limbs

Milestones:
1 - Ability to hold up own head
2 - Ability to sit (trunk strength to hold pose)
3 - Ability to crawl
4 - Walking (Usually around first birthday)

Problems with focusing only on infancy

  1. Motor development dosent stop at infancy
  2. Motor development varies with experience
Motor development beyond infancy

Newborns can’t keep head elevated, or control arms and legs
However, beyond learning to walk:

  • In 2nd year infants learn to walk backwards, up stairs, stack blocks, put on clothes
  • 3 or 4 - jump in place, cut w scissors, draw
  • Beyond that - Walk down stairs, ride a trike, skip, use a knife

In infancy: Motor milestones seem to be universal, regardless of experience
However in childhood: seem specialized to culture and context (not everyone learn trikes or stairs)

Motor focused in infancy because these are more universal

Motor development varies with experience

Gesell’s maturational view - motor development reflects biological maturation

  • There is a biological program or ‘blueprint’ for motor development

Recently, this view is less supported

At 5 months:

  • Depending on country of origin percent of time sitting independtly varies
    • In italy, none of the children sat independently while observed (1hr)
    • In kenya, many children sat independently, some up to half the time observed
  • OPPORTUNITY to sit also varied
    • In italy, far more common to be in mothers arm
    • in kenya, a lot more time on floor

Tajik Children Observation

  • Effect of early motor opportunity/development in late development
  • Across many different Tajik children were generally very similar to US, and when not extremely similar to themselves (when comparing early/late Tajik learners)

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