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🎤 Vocab
NS - Novelty selective
FS - Familiarity selective
VS - Visually Selective
PAC - Phase Amplitude Coupling cells
❗ Information
Hippocampus
Plays a big role in spatial location and memory, multiple forms
Has neurons for
- Novelty
- Familiarity
- Grid cells
✒️ -> Scratch Notes
Visually Selective Neurons
Don’t care whether an image is new or old, code for a specific higher level input
- Decision making of novelty does NOT take place in the hmpc, likely in the frontal lobe
Episodic Memories
Boundary cells, event cells
- More data and info, also information on how things are being parsed
- Background theta rythms
- Rythmic/Cyclic …
Memory Storage and Access
Single Cell -> Grandmother Cell
- Not true, stroke data shows that you don’t just forget your grandmother after losing one neuron
Network -> Reactivation - Network of information, configurations
- If you activate a specific network, get a specific memory
Flexible Network Geometry -> Dynamic/Stochastic System - A high dimensional technique, reduces to dimensions, measures movement of factors
- If parallel to each other, maintains a certain relationshionship
- If orthogonal, represent different types of behavior
- Very important in neuroscience
- Very dense, could spend 45-60 minutes on data points
Working Memory Task
When you’re encoding a task, increased firing rate
Retrieving, increased firing rate
Subset of neurons that increase firing during maintenance phase
Process mediated by frontal lobe, not MTL
Persistent activity during WM maintenance predicts long-term memory formation in the human hippocampus
Studies show there is some frontal lobe interactions with working memory, and encoding of long-term memory
Long-term memory pretty short in studies, as short as 30 minutes
Cognitive Control Tasks
Flanker tasks, arrow tasks
- Neurons that detect errors
- Performance monitoring neurons
- Cognitive control neurons
Neurons that show task specificity, and others that are invariant and respond to everything
PAC
Phase Amplitude Coupling cells in HA coordinate frontal activity and improve population geomtry and response fidelity
Flexible recruitment of memory-based choice representations by the human medial frontal cortex
People doing one study, quickly switch to another task, then immediately switch back
Hippocampus encodes ground truth
Abstract representations emerge in human hippocampal neurons during inference
People don’t need all the facts, we can infer
Infer weather, from what people are wearing
New recording technologies will revolutionize the field
Go from recording 5/6 neurons to 100s
Neuropixels for instance
-Better for animals though
New tech -> New Opportunities
Closed loop stimulation, only fire in response to a seizure for instance
Other issues
- Ethics
- Human experimentation with no benefit to patient
- Need IRB approval, consent, and more
- Need a GOOD reason to experiment (not just putting one in because you want to poke around)
- Funding
- Partnering with industry
- Increased interest in psychiatric disorders - many new opportunities
- PTSD (interaction with the amygdala)
Advice
Mostly for neurosurgeons:
Pick a topic and stay with it
- Getting started takes time
You CANNOT do this alone - At least not these days
- Establish a partnership with your neurophysiologists, neurologists, others
Simple tasks - Data interpretation is hard
Be patient (in the OR) - OR cases will take longer, but this is your lab
Be active and involved
It’s fun!
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🔗 -> Links
Resources
- Put useful links here